National and Global Citizenship - 836 Words

Even if human societies, with their cultural traditions and societal aspects, vary around the world, human beings are all connected, socially and biologically. All human beings share the same common ancestor, and the same anatomical and physiological features, as stated in biology, and anthropology reports. They also share distinguishing characteristics (basic emotions, self-consciousness, language and symbols), and common needs—the need for communication, love, social interactions, food, and shelter. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. â€Å" (Article1). And, as Thomas Jefferson once said, â€Å"all men are created equal, â€Å"(United States Declaration†¦show more content†¦Since I moved from Italy to the U.S. I made many cultural mistakes, took cultures for granted, assigned stereotypes to people, misinterpreted conversations, and situations. I can still remember the ti me when I smiled and hugged my Japanese friend to sooth away her aches. We were at the park with our kids, and she was hit, right in the face, by my three years old son’s soccer ball. My friend’s reaction to my gentle hug was quite surprising. Instead of hugging me back, she strongly pushed me away, and told me to stop threatening her. After that episode we didn’t speak to each other for weeks. We were both really upset and confused. What went wrong between us? At that time, I didn’t know that Japanese people are reserved, shy, tend to control their feelings, and smile when they are angry. On the other hand, my friend didn’t know that Italians are extremely expressive when it comes to their emotions, and consider smiling and hugging positive manifestations of feelings. When I smiled and hugged my friend I made such a preventable mistake! I should have ask her if she needed a hug, before hugging her. I should have been more aware of her feelings, an d less about mine. I should have known better. At that time my CQ was probably nonexistent! Cultural intelligence, or CQ, is a person’s ability to recognize and understand culturalShow MoreRelatedReflecting On Personal Identity And Global Citizenship Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP 1 Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global Citizenship Christopher Shattah GEN499: General Education Capstone Stephen Carter May 1, 2016 GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP 2 Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global Citizenship The importance of educating others on global citizenship is a very important factor to consider when it comes to human rights for all. This type of subject is an important subject, especially when it comesRead MoreCitizenship Is An Outdated Notion Of The 21st Century1364 Words   |  6 PagesCitizenship is an outdated notion in the 21st century. Critically discuss this statement. Citizenship can be defined as the position or status of being a citizen in a particular country (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016). This definition is not very broad, nor does it cover the many aspects of citizenship that exist in the 21st century. It is not only about being a legal citizen of a particular country, it is also about being a social citizen. You can be a citizen of Australia but choose to live elsewhereRead MoreThe Cultural Dimensions Of A World Wide Citizenship And Belonging Notion Within Globalization Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesconception of a world wide citizenship and belonging notion within Globalization has ardently affected notions of citizenship in a local context which ultimately lead to the production of new understandings of the self and the community through the usage of social media. 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Currently, the three subjects of History, Geography, and Civics and Citizenship are grouped under Human Society and its Environment (HSIE), and to varying degrees seek to link knowledge and understanding, values and attitudesRead MoreAn Analysis of Christian Joppkes The Inevitable Lightening of Citizenship Theory1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿In his essay The Inevitable Lightening of Citizenship, Christian Joppke discusses the phenomenon whereby the subjective value of citizenship is decreasing in the face of globalization, because allegiance to a particular nation-state is far less important than the transnational transfer of wealth and ideology. At the same time, the objective value of citizensh ip in the right (meaning wealthy and relatively free) countries is increasing, because being born in one of these countries means thatRead MoreImportance Of Developing Global Citizenship976 Words   |  4 Pages Importance of Developing Global Citizenship Theresa Silva GEN499 General Education Capstone Instructor: David Johnson April 03, 2017â€Æ' Importance of Developing Global Citizenship Global citizenship can be directly translated to mean citizen of the world, however, in a more educated way it is referred to as being part of the larger community of all humanity. One way or another, we are all global citizens’, for example, by the virtue of study abroad programs, students interact with localRead MoreNursing Curriculum : A Call For Change913 Words   |  4 Pagesprudent to educate nursing students in a way that prepares them for this increasingly complex health care system. In 2010, Mill, Astle, Ogilvie and Gustaldo wrote about linking global citizenship, undergraduate education and professional nursing in the 21th century (E1). They believe that linking global citizenship to transform nursing curriculum will aid in better-prepared nurses. Benner, Sutphen, Leonard and Day (2010) believe transforming curriculum involves integrating knowledge, skilledRead MoreIs National Citizenship Irrelevant Outside the United States?1256 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Int roduction The question of whether national citizenship is still relevant as a nationally-ascribed designator of membership and rights is best answered with a single word: Depends. Within the United States, national citizenship has conferred rights and duties that remain viable hundreds of years after their creation. Outside the United States, national citizenship is essentially irrelevant. National Citizenship Is Still Relevant as a Nationally-Ascribed Designator of Membership and RightsRead MoreImportance Of Global Citizenship1658 Words   |  7 Pages Global Citizenship is the rights and responsibilities of people who are citizens of a particular nation or place. The perspective that a person’s identity is from geography or political borders responsibilities or rights are or can be derived from membership in a broader class. Global Citizenship is important to the world and it’s society as the world requires a huge accurate sense of empathy that notifies citizens of how the actions from one country can hugely affect one another, and even theirRead MoreThe Western Model Of Urbanization Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesMorgan Hung October 20, 2016 Cities and Citizenship Prof. Fredericks The Issue with the Western Model of Urbanization From the colonial period to modern globalization, the importance of nations has increased immensely. Post colonialism, nations that were once under foreign rule were faced with the challenge of identifying themselves as independent states. In an effort to break away from their colonial legacies, the focus on nationality and citizenship became an important question. Nations were

Okonkwos Masculinity Essay - 1344 Words

Igbo land, the land that’s known as Nigeria now. Okonkwo struggles with his masculinity and his strong ties to his culture that’s been destroyed by the british and their goal to convert everyone into christians. The missionaries make things hard for Okonkwo as he tries desperately to hold on to his traditions as his whole town that he once knew, is changing. In this analysis you will know the themes and the literary devices that contributed to the perfecting of the book. Okonkwo struggles with his masculinity throughout the whole book which makes it a dominant theme in the book. â€Å" When he walked, his heels hardly touched the ground and he seemed to walk on springs, as if he was going to pounce on somebody. And he did pounce on people quite†¦show more content†¦The diction that Achebe used to describe such a sad scene that affected Okonkwo deeply and also gave us a glimpse of how okonkwo’s struggle with his masculinity and self image and how others view him. Achebe describes Ikemefuna, â€Å"His hands trembled vaguely on the black pot he carried. Why had Okonkwo withdrawn to the rear? Ikemefuna felt his legs melting under him. And he was afraid to look back†(60-61), Achebe described Ikemefuna’s legs as melting under him which shows us the latters feeling at the moment when he felt like something was not right. â€Å"Like a solitary walker at night who passes an evil spirit on the way†(Achebe 62). Okonkwo was described as a solitary walker who passes n evil spirit after the horrible incident that happened with Ikemefuna. Okonkwo was scared and felt guilt. The guilt and fear were the bad spirit that Okonkwo would pass by. Okonkwo could not share his feeling with anyone fearing the mere thought of him seeming weak. After the British invaded Igbo land, things started falling apart. At first there was a huge culture clash because Igbo people did not like the idea of changing their culture because their cultures and traditions were all that they valued. When the missionaries first arrived in Mbanta, all of the villagers came to see them. Their leader was a white man who spoke through interpreters. He informed the people that their gods were false and only theShow MoreRelatedIb English Written Task993 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Outline Prescribed question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? Title of the text for analysis: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 3: Literature – text and context Key Points: †¢ Define masculinity in Okonkwo’s viewpoint †¢ Explore how Okonkwo never shows his emotions because of fear †¢ Describe the struggle of Okonkwo’s strength †¢ Discuss the importance of Okonkwo’s reputation of Umuofia †¢Read MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 Pagescontains questions of personal status. Okonkwo, for example, resists the new political and religious orders because he feels that they are not manly and that he himself will not be manly if his agreements to join or even tolerate them. To some extent, Okonkwo’s resistance of cultural change is also due to his fear of being like his father, or in other words, loss his societal status. His sense of self-worth is dependent upon the traditional standards by which society judges him. This system of evaluatingRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart916 Words   |  4 PagesBria Kirkland Essay 1 â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe Imagine your favorite TV show, and think about the characters. Which character is your favorite? Most of us would say it is the main character, the one that is the most relatable. That character is called the protagonist, and it is often the one that we identify with the most. In contrast to the protagonist, a character we think about less often is the foil character. This character is the complete opposite of the main character. UsuallyRead MoreAnalysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1579 Words   |  6 Pagesfurthermore, that the destructive effects of these ideologies are visited upon both Ikemefuna and Okonkwo. Okonkwos larger narrative arc actually suggests an ideal third path that discards the , because the novel blends elements of African and Western literature in order to tell a story that is simultaneously a tragedy in the Greek sense and clearly, essentially African. By examining Okonkwos story in detail, it will be possible to see how Achebe uses the particular narra tive elements of Things FallRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness And Things Fall Apart1585 Words   |  7 Pagesgift? This is one of the many valuable insights into self that Heart of Darkness offers high-school age readers. However, Heart of Darkness does not explore our humanity without a cost. As Chinua Achebe, author of Things Fall Apart, stated in his essay ‘An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness,’ â€Å"Africa [is a] setting and backdrop which eliminates the African as human factor. Africa as a metaphysical battlefield devoid of all recognizable humanity, into which the wandering EuropeanRead More Cultural Values in Things Fall Apart2425 Words   |  10 Pagesqualities, one in which he never owned a title. And, because of his father lack of ability to own a title, Okonkwo made a promise to himself to be everything his father wasn’t. Masculinity for a man is very big in Igbo culture. This is because in order to get respect as a man in the Igbo culture you must show masculinity mainly by owning a title (TFA). Okonkwo ruled his home like a real leader, but to complete the job of a good father in Umuofia, you need a good wife by your side. OkonkwoRead MoreShort Essay Questions on Six Literary Works1257 Words   |  6 Pages PART ONE – SHORT ESSAYSâ€Æ' Question 1 Janet Mock is a famous transsexual woman who experienced her rebirth of a woman. As she grows up, she faced many difficulties which made her to struggle a lot. Many students bullied her and even the teachers criticized her because she was acting like a girl, just because she was a boy. However, she did not give up and did not afraid to express herself as the way she is. She was able to stay strong after the turning point of her life, meeting her friend, WendiRead MoreAchebes Portrayal of Women in Igbo Society2679 Words   |  11 Pagesdaughters off to marriage, and husbands beat their wives. Most men in Igbo society used tradition as a background to dictate women roles and lives. The Igbo society was a society that put a lot of emphasis on gender roles, and the importance of masculinity and violence, which resulted in the abuse of the females character and the role of women as child barer. The story Things Fall Apart depicts Igbo society during the late 1800s. One ting I know about women is that throughout time, especially duringRead MoreColonialism, Gender, Poverty, Exploitation, Domination, and Hegemony as Rendered in the Novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Cracking India by Bapsi Sidhwa.2223 Words   |  9 PagesRepresentations of Gender and Tradition in Things Fall Apart Osei-Nyame, Godwin Kwadwo, 1967- Research in African Literatures, Volume 30, Number 2, Summer 1999, pp. 148-164 Subject Headings: Achebe, Chinua. Things fall apart. Culture in literature. Masculinity in literature. In lieu of an abstract, here is a preview of the article. Wherever something stands, there something else will stand. —Igbo saying While Achebes early novels have been popularly received for their representation of an earlyRead MoreEssay on Gender Roles in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe2254 Words   |  10 Pagesthe demise of Okonkwo’s life and of the Umofia community on the imperialistic invasions of the white men. After all, Okonkwo seemed to be enjoying relative peace and happiness before then. He did have a few mishaps; one of them resulted in him being exiled for eight years. Nonetheless, he returned to his home town with high spirits and with prospects of increased success. However, everything has changed. The white men have brought with them a new religion and a new government. Okonkwo’s family falls

Origin of Eukaryotes Free Essays

* The origin of eukaryotes is important to understand the origin of modern complex cells. There are three main separate theories that hypothesize the origins: the three-domain system, eocyte theory, and endosymbiosis. Each one have there own merits and evidence supporting. We will write a custom essay sample on Origin of Eukaryotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now These theories suggest the evolution of cells from the most primitive prokaryotes, unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei, to the most complex eukaryotes, single or multicellular organisms with a membrane enclosed nucleolus and organelles. The Three Domain Hypothesis refers to the proposal by Carl Woese in 1990 that; archaebacteria form a monophyletic group, this clade is sufficiently different from all other prokaryotes to deserve elevation to a separate Domain called Archaea (the other two Domains are Bacteria and Eukarya each arising from a progenote), eukaryotes are more closely related to archaebacteria than to other prokaryotes, and the root of the universal tree of life lies in the branch leading to Bacteria. The three-domain system met with some opposition on the differences between archaea and bacteria. Research of large subunits of RNA polymerase, some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aspartyl, leucyl, tryptophanyl, and tyrosyl), and outer membrane molecules distinctions indicated that Woese was right in the classification and that these organisms were so genetically distinct (in the 165rRNA genes and differences in cell structures) that they needed their own domains. * In the 1984 James Lake theorized eukaryotes evolved from a specific group of ancestrial archea, the eocyte. The idea that eukaryotes could have arisen from a lineage of prokaryotes, using expanded molecular sequence datasets and phylogenetic approaches. Using a matrix of amino acid sites, traditional methods such as maximum parsimony resulted in the 3-domains topology, but an eocyte tree was obtained when maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed. In sum this analyses provide support for the eocyte tree, rather than the 3-domains tree. This is supported by the concept that eukaryotic nucleo-cytoplasm evolved from within archaebacteria. Eukaryotes would have had to replace their old lipid synthesis with a eubacterial-type system since the operational genes of eukaryotes are primarily eubacterial, not archaebacterial (National Academy of Science of the United states 2008). Eukaryotes are seen as an evolutionary marvel for they can pack hundreds of energy-generating mitochondria into a single cell. Hundreds of millions of years ago, eukaryotes formed permanent colonies in which certain cells dedicated themselves to different tasks, such as nutrition or excretion, and whose behavior was well coordinated. This specialization allows them to grow, and evolving into new elaborate purposes. These cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The purpose of the nucleus is to sequester the DNA- functions of the eukaryotic cell into chamber for increased efficiency. This function is unnecessary for the prokaryotic cell, because it is much smaller in size; materials within the cell are close together. There is an area of nuclear DNA unbound by a membrane called a nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells are larger, more advanced and have a higher output of energy in comparison to Prokaryotes. Lynn Margulis (1970) defined the hypothesis of Endosymbiosis as the engulfment of one cell by another larger cell, with the engulfed cell evolving into an organelle. Margulis claimed that as a result of communal and parasitic lives, bacterial cells turned into plants and animals through endosymbiosis. In this theory, plant cells developed when a cyanobacteria (chloroplast) was swallowed by another bacterial cell and animal cells were formed through mitochondria being engulfed by host cell. Another example is between a termite and microorganisms in its gut. The termite consumes wood, but it cannot digest it, the protozoan’s in the termite’s gut break down the cellulose into simple sugars which both organisms can digest. When the protozoa digest the wood cellulose, they release acetic acid and other acids that the host termite is able to metabolize. Thus, the termite and the protozoan uniquely supply food for each other (Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005). The origin of the eukaryotic cell was important, since they include all complex cells and almost all multi-cellular organisms. The timing these events is hard to determine, each hypothesis have there own evidence that support itself. Until further evidence can be found scientists can only speculate on the origins of Eukaryotes. How to cite Origin of Eukaryotes, Essay examples

Grief And Bereavement Tasks Of Mourning †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Grief And Bereavement Palliative Care Practice? Answer: Introducation Grief is said to be a normal reaction to bereavement. From this statement questions like what exactly is grief and what is bereavement may arise. Bereavement is defined to be the losing of someone closely attached to you and is characterized by feelings of loneliness, emptiness, frustration, deprivation, yearning and longing(Sabar, 2000). Grief on the other hand is the subjective experience of loss. It is multifaceted as it can affect us on all levels of experience i.e. physically, emotionally, cognitively, socially and spiritually(Sabar, 2000). Another term that is always used in association with grief and bereavement is mourning which is defined as socially, culturally and religiously accepted expressions of grief (Sabar, 2000). The manner in which one grieves, the duration taken in the grieving process differs from one individual to another. This is typical situation that reflects the one shoe doesnt fit all philosophy. Theories like Wordens four tasks of morning, the dual process model by Stroebe Schutt, Parkes four phases of mourning model seek to explain grief, bereavement and mourning. We shall focus on Wordens four task of mourning as we seek to better explain and understand the grieving process and factors that affect this process. Worden Four Tasks of Mourning Other theorists like to view the grieving process in forms of stages and phases but not Worden. He prefers to view it as a series of tasks(Morrell, n.d). This means that the bereaved has to be active as adaptation cannot just happen but requires effort. Accounting to Worden, grief is a back and forth process involving overlapping tasks that one has to work through the physical, emotional and pain of their loss while adopting to changes that come with the loss such as roles, responsibilities and identity(Webster, n.d). The grieving process is considered complete when the bereaved person gone through the four tasks and has accepted the loss and adjusted to the new life brought about by the loss(Miller, 2014). To Accept the Reality of the Loss The first task in this process is to come face to face with the reality that the person is dead. This is one of the hardest tasks to accomplish as it involves in lay mans tongue accepting in your mind and in your heart i.e. intellectual and emotional acceptance (Worden, 2009). There are three forms of acceptance that need to take place for the successful completion of this task. They include; the acceptance the facts revolving the loss, the meaning attributed to the loss and the finality of the loss(Almeida, 2004). One needs to accept the fact that death has occurred, what the loss means to him/her in terms of responsibilities, roles even situation at home and in the society and that the deceased is gone and not coming back. It has been found that traditional rituals such as the funeral help many bereaved people move toward acceptance(Worden, 2009). The negative reaction that happens here is that one does not believe simply put being in denial. This is very common as death is usually first faced with shock and disbelief. Denial takes place in many forms. First it can occur in the form of denying the facts of the loss which varies in degree. It can be a minor distortion or a complete and advanced delusion(Worden, 2009). An example of full blown delusions was coined by Geoffrey Gorer which is mummification, a grief reaction in which the bereaved retains the deceaseds possessions and belongings and in extreme cases his/her corpse in an unchanging condition ready for use when the deceased returns(Leung So, 2013). This is very common for parents who a child as they usually retain the childs room without moving a thing or reorganizing. Another form of denial is to deny the meaning of the loss. This has been seen by actions that remove any reminders of the deceased in the aim of reducing the significance of the loss. This has been done in various ways like throwing away of belongings of the deceased, making statements that disregard the attachment or relationship with the deceased and in extreme cases, practicing selective forgetting whereby the image of the deceased disappears from consciousness(Parkes Prigerson, 2010). This behavior is commonly seen in cases of conflicting relationships between the bereaved and the deceased. Denial in the irreversibility of death is the other form of denial. This has been evidenced by people out rightly denying finality of death and through religion spiritualism(Worden, 2009). People participate in sances and attending of spiritualist churches so as to seek a form of communication or bond with the deceased. Overall, denial is very common in sudden deaths like accidents, fire outbreak, suicide, homicide etc. especially where the bereaved were not able to view the body of the deceased To Process the Pain of Grief This task involves opening oneself to experience the deep and intense feelings and thoughts that accompany a loss(Sabar, 2000). The pain experienced can be physical, emotional and behavioral. The physical reactions experienced include: tiredness, increased noise sensitivity, appetite gain or loss, headaches, neck and shoulder pain, increase in colds, infections and allergic reactions, chest tightness, bowel and bladder disturbances, stomach bloating, ulcers, and nausea. Females can experience menstrual irregularities(Rubel, 2004). Emotional reactions experienced include shock, numbness, sadness, fear, anxiety, loneliness, aggression, yearning, withdrawal, guilt, self reproach, fatigue, helplessness, emancipation and relief. Anger and rage can be directed at healthcare providers, the deceased, God, and themselves(Rubel, 2004). This should be noted as it can lead to them hurting others or engaging in self mutilating behaviors so as to relieve the pain. Thought process alterations or cognitive changes that occur include disorientation, confusion and an inability to concentrate(Rubel, 2004). Other common thought patterns include; preoccupation, disbelief, hallucination and sense of presence(Worden, 2009). Behavioral reactions are not uncommon in grieving individuals. Some of the common behaviors seen include insomnia or hypersomnia, loss or gain of appetite, absentmindedness, social withdrawal and isolation, dreaming of the deceased, avoidance behavior, sighing, increased hyperactivity and crying(Worden, 2009). Aggressive behavior, hoarding, increased drug use, increased sexual activity may also be seen(Rubel, 2004). The intensity and duration of the pain experience varies from one individual to another. This difference in feeling is mediated by a number of factors. These factors include; the person that died, type of attachment, manner of death, personality characteristics, social factors and concurrent stressors(Worden, 2009). The way one mourns for a child is not the same way one would mourn for a spouse or a mother. The way one mourns those who they had close attachment is found to be more intense and for a longer duration. The negation of this task is not feeling and it is demonstrated by cutting off feelings and denial of the pain one is experiencing, avoidance of painful thoughts, thought-stopping procedures, stimulating pleasant thoughts of the deceased and not hurtful, idealizing the dead, avoidance of reminders of the dead, and drugs and alcohol use. The consequence of this negation is usually depression. Due to this, this is a very important aspect that is considered during grief counseling. Adjusting to a World without the Deceased According to Worden, 2009 the three areas that need adjustment during the grieving process include the external, internal and spiritual adjustments. External Adjustments This involves coming to terms to an environment without the loved one. Adjusting to an environment without the loved one means different things to different people(Worden, 2009). Many bereaved individuals have to learn new skills in order to take on the roles performed by the deceased. For this to happen successfully, one to needs to challenge their beliefs by deriving meaning of the loss. What one thought he/ she could not accomplish, now he/she has to believe he/ she can. A wife who used to believe that she didnt have the strength to mow the lawns may challenge this belief after the death of the husband as she cannot delegate to him. Internal Adjustments Loss of loved one affects ones self definition, self esteem and self efficacy. People who derive their identification and self worth from relationships and marriages have lowered self esteem and decreased sense of the self when their loved one dies. This is the case especially for people who had rough backgrounds then found someone who makes them feel wanted, cherished and loved. When that person dies, the bereaved feels like there is no one who would love them like the deceased did. Bereavement can also affect a persons sense of self-efficacy(Worden, 2009). This can lead to feelings of helplessness, inadequacy and hopelessness. This worsens when one fails in taking on the responsibilities that used to be carried out by the deceased. This makes them feel like failures and lowers their self esteem further. Spiritual Adjustments Through death ones values and beliefs are always challenged or reinforced depending on the situation (Worden, 2009). Usually due to this challenge on ones beliefs and values, the bereaved feel like they have lost direction in life. They go through a journey to try and rediscover the meaning of the loss and the life changes in order to be able to control their lives again. As it was said earlier death can also reinforce or confirm our beliefs and assumptions. The death of an elderly person who had a well lived life is an example of this. The negation of this task is failure to adapt to the loss. You may find people who promote their inadequacy and helplessness by not developing the skills needed for the new responsibilities or withdrawing from the world and not facing up to the new requirements(Worden, 2009). To Find an Enduring Connection with the Deceased in the Midst of Embarking on a New Life This task includes finding an adaptive and ongoing connection in our lives with the deceased while allowing ourselves to reinvest our energies into new relationships(Perper, 2015). People believe that one needs to forget the deceased in order for them to move on with their lives. This tasks encourages us not to forget the deceased but reconnect and enjoy life by engaging in activities that give you pleasure while cherishing the memories and remembering the thoughts and feelings experienced with the loved one(Kelly Lees-Oakes, n.d). According to Worden, the negative aspect of this task is not living. This happens when one holds on too much to the past attachments are refuses to form new ones. They forget that life did not stop moving when their loved one died. Wordens four tasks of mourning have had great impact in the counseling and psychotherapy world as it has formed basis for many techniques and objectives for grief counseling and grief therapy. One thing that is clear is that the negation of the four tasks can facilitate the development of complicated grief. Through the four tasks of mourning, techniques that help one to accept the reality, evoke ones emotions and allow them to feel, that promote adjustment and facilitate reconnection and continuing bonds are found to be very crucial. These techniques include writing, use of evocative language, role playing, cognitive restructuring and directed imagery among others. Conclusion Wordens four tasks theory of mourning brought a new way to view the grieving process as it did not believe on the steps or phases model but tasks which have to be complicated not on a linear basis as believed by the previous theories. These tasks are important for one to go through the grieving process adaptively and successfully. This theory has had great impact as it not only helped us understand the grieving process but also informs grief counseling and grief therapy through streamlining the goals and the techniques so as to help the bereaved to fully adapt to the loss. References Almeida, R. (2004). The Politics of Mourning: Grief Management in Cross-cultural Fiction. New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. Kelly, K., Lees-Oakes, R. (n.d). The 4 Tasks of Grieving. Retrieved from Counseling Tutor: https://counsellingtutor.com/the-4-tasks-of-grieving/ Leung, C. M., So, J. (2013). Mummification in a Chinese Patient with Grief: A Morbid Symptom or a Cultural Practice? East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 23(4), 164-167. Miller, K. E. (2014). Review of Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy by J. William Worden. Retrieved from Kirk Miller Blog: https://kirkmillerblog.com/2015/01/26/review-of-grief-counseling-and-grief-therapy-by-j-william-worden/amp/ Morrell, L. (n.d). Tasks of Grief. Retrieved from Linda Morrell: https://www.lindamorrell.com/?page_id=179 Parkes, C. M., Prigerson, H. G. (2010). Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life (4th ed.). New York: Routledge. Perper, R. (2015). Worden's Four Tasks of Grieving. Retrieved from Therapy Changes: https://therapychanges.com/blog/2015/05/review-wordens-four-tasks-of-grieving Rubel, B. (2004). Death, Dying, and Bereavement: Providing Compassion During a Time of Need. Massachusetts: Western Schools. Sabar, S. (2000). Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning:A Gestalt Perspective. Gestalt Review, 152-168. Webster, B. (n.d). Theories of Grief. Retrieved from Grief Journeu: https://griefjourney.com/startjourney/for-professionals-and-caregivers/articles-forprofessionals-and-caregivers/theories-of-grief/ Worden, W. J. (2009). Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner (4th ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.